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Some kinds of errors are less likely to occur where people are conscientious and concentrate on what they are doing. However, the majority of errors happen in spite people trying to avoid them and for reasons that are beyond their immediate control. It follows that rewards, encouragement, warnings or even punishment will have little or no effect in these cases. Where people are blamed for failing to avoid errors that they believe to be beyond their control, the de-motivating effect may even increase risk of error, for example, by accelerating decay of vigilance. |
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